Marina

Positive-going ArcLight variant created by directed evolution.

Category: VSD-single FP · Published: 2017 · ACS Chemical Neuroscience 2017

Speed: τ_on=29.2 ms, τ_off=15.6 ms

Dynamic Range: 29% ΔF/F per 100mV

Sensitivity: 1.4% ΔF/F per AP

Brightness: 0.677× vs arclight

Research Papers (4)

Directed evolution of key residues in fluorescent protein inverses the polarity of voltage sensitivity in the genetically encoded indicator ArcLight — Platisa J, Vasan G, Yang A, Pieribone VA, ACS Chemical Neuroscience 2017
Generation of a genetically encoded voltage indicator MARINA reporter human iPS cell line using Cas9 (VULSCi002-A-2) — Petruskeviciu-te A, et al., Stem Cell Research 2024
Stretch-induced endogenous electric fields drive directed collective cell migration in vivo — Ferreira F, et al., Nature Materials 2025
In vivo Pirt-Marina voltage sensor imaging detects primary sensory neuron-specific voltage dynamics and neuronal plasticity changes — Zhang Y, et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2025